Journal of University Medical & Dental College

A call to action; addressing climate change’s impact on maternal and fetal health

Sakina Ali, Saba Tariq, Sundus Tariq — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among diagnosed cases of asthma and its correlation with duration, gender, and socioeconomic aspects

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D deficiency has been increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma, with evidence suggesting its potential role in disease severity, duration, and response to therapy. To determine vitamin D deficiency among diagnosed cases of asthma and its correlation with duration of asthma, gender, and socioeconomic aspects.

METHODOLOGY: This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at Imran Idrees Hospital, affiliated with Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot. A sample of 200 asthmatic patients, aged 18 to 60, was included. Patients who were both male and female, and had a clinical diagnosis of asthma verified by spirometry for a minimum of six months, satisfied the inclusion criteria. Patients with asthma-COPD overlap, pregnancy, chronic systemic disorders, or recent vitamin D supplement use (last six months) were excluded. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.

RESULTS: Bivariate analysis was done to compare the sociodemographic profile and duration of asthma on vitamin D levels. The proportion of individuals with low vitamin D levels was higher in those who had asthma for more than 30 years. The female gender had a significantly higher proportion of low vitamin D as compared to males.

CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the duration of asthma and gender were significantly associated with vitamin D levels among patients with asthma. Individuals with longer asthma duration and females were found to have low vitamin D levels.

Complications of low birth weight babies in tertiary care Hospital

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: In public health, Low birth weight is a significant indicator of maternal health care, poverty, healthcare delivery services, and maternal and child nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of complications associated with low birth weight in babies.

METHODOLOGY: In the pediatric department of POF Hospital (affiliated with Wah Medical College) in Wah Cantt, a prospective observational study was carried out. Study duration was 1 year (1-1-2021 to 1-1-2022). A sample size of 195 low-birth-weight babies was calculated using the WHO calculator. Non-probability convenience sampling was used to select low-birth-weight babies. Birth weight was measured in 1st 24 hours of life. Babies were followed for 1 month to understand detailed complications. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. The Pearson chi-square test was used. P value <0.05 was considered a significant measure.

RESULTS: 195 low birth weight babies were included in the study. There were 142(72.8%) babies with low birth weight, 29(20%) with very low birth weight, and 14(7.2%) with extremely low birth weight. Birth weight has a significant association with both gender (p = 0.005) and gestational age (p = 0.015). Complications due to low birth weight in newborn babies were septicemia 18(9.2%), hyaline membrane disease 38(19.5%), Necrotizing enterocolitis 29(14.9%), neonatal jaundice 21(10.8%), Feeding problems 8(4.1%), etc.

CONCLUSION: Low birth weight is a common factor for neonatal mortality and morbidity. A high frequency of low-birth-weight babies was found in our study. Hyaline membrane disease was the most common complication, followed by cerotizing enterococcal infection, neonatal jaundice, and septicemia.

Optimism and its relationship with the physical and mental wellbeing of registered nurses

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Nurses face health challenges like moral distress, low job satisfaction, and poor physical and mental health. Optimism, believing in positive outcomes, influences not only the quality of patient care but also enhances nurse's health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the relationship of optimism with the physical and mental well-being of registered nurses in the Tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi

METHODOLOGY: The study used a cross-sectional analytic design and convenience sampling. After obtaining written informed consent, questionnaires were distributed to 270 registered nurses in Rawalpindi, using Life Orientation Test-Revised for optimism, self-care questionnaire for physical wellbeing, and Warwick-Edinburgh for mental well-being. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26, with Spearman's rank correlation applied to examine the relationship between optimism and physical and mental well-being.

RESULTS: The study shows that registered nurses in Rawalpindi have moderate optimism (63.1%), moderate physical well-being (60.7%), and moderate mental well-being (64.3%), with varying levels of optimism and well-being. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between optimism and physical well-being showed (r = 0.202**, p < 0.001), and optimism and mental well-being with (r = 0.478**, p < 0.001) revealed weak and moderate positive correlation respectively, both correlations were statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: The study concludes that optimism is positively correlated with both physical and mental well-being among registered nurses of Rawalpindi. The study suggests that fostering optimism can enhance physical and mental health outcomes, potentially enhancing healthcare quality and efficiency.

Comparison of gonial angle with different mandibular planes on panoramic & lateral cephalometric radiographs in class I malocclusion

Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND&OBJECTIVES: Lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs are considered the gold standard in orthodontic diagnosis. Due to superimpositions, artifacts and hindrances, it becomes problematic to calculate the gonial angle on the lateral cephalogram.Because of twofold pictures of the mandible, it is hard to perceive and measure the gonial angle with reliability, while on panoramic radiograph we can measure both right and left angle individually. This study’s rationale was to compare gonial angle with different mandibular planes on panoramic & lateral cephalometric radiographs in class I malocclusion, for native population.

METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study, on 50 participants from Fatima Memorial Hospital. Gathered data was logged and examined in SPSS 20. Quantitative variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Categorization of gender and age was carried out to check distractors and independent t-test was used, with p-value ≤ 0.05 as significant statistically.

RESULT: The patients in this study are, on average, 18.235 ±4 years old. Out of 50 patients, 19 (38%) were male and 31 (62%) were female. The majority of patients (33 (83.5%)) were between the ages of 15 to 20 years and 17 patients (16.5%) are in between 21 to 25 years of age. Mean value of Tweed’s mandibular plane on OPG and lateral cephalogram was 127±8.2497 and 124.820±8.7077 p-value = <0.05). Gender and age showed statistically insignificant differences in all other factor.

CONCLUSION: This research concluded that tweeds mandibular plane shows equal reliability on lateral cephalogram and panoramic radiograph Pakistani origin.

The comparison of outcomes of solifanacin plus behavioral therapy versus Mirabegron alone in management of overactive bladder

Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Overactive bladder is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. While pharmacological treatments are commonly used, combining medication with behavioral therapy may offer enhanced symptom management. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of a combination treatment—solifenacin plus behavioral therapy versus mirabegron alone in the management of Overactive Bladder.

METHODOLOGY: This is an Experimental study conducted in Out-patient department of Urology, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar khan on 60 patients, diagnosed with persistent over active bladder symptoms. Group I was given Solifenacin combined with behavioral therapy and Group-Il was given mirabegron alone for 12 weeks. The micturition, episodes of urgency and episodes of nocturia per 4 hours were assessed in both groups. Data was analyzed using SPSS 25.0.

RESULTS: In the study, mean age of sample was 52.4 ± 13.2 years. The mean micturition frequency was reduced from baseline 9.872 ± 0.215 in the Solifenacin group and 9.800 ± 0.278 in the Mirabegron group to 4.760 ± 0.129 vs 6.283 ± 0.029 (p≤0.001) after 12 weeks. The nocturia frequency per 24 hours changed from 2.065 ± 0.33 vs 2.410 ± 0.48 to 0.520 ± 0.16 vs 0.180 ± 0.07 (p<0.01) and urgency episodes per 24 hours changed from 2.065 ± 0.331 vs 2.410 ± 0.482 to 0.180 ± 0.078 0.520 ± 0.162(p≤0.001) respectively.

CONCLUSION: The combination of Solifenacin and behavioral therapy offers a more effective and holistic approach to managing OAB symptoms compared to Mirabegron alone.

Assessing the impact of ChatGPT on enhancing learning in preclinical and clinical dental education

Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming not only education but also healthcare. ChatGPT, offers new opportunities for interactive learning. This study assessed its benefits, challenges, and applications in pre-clinical and clinical dental education.

METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 300 undergraduate dental students (preclinical and clinical) in Lahore. A validated self-administered questionnaire assessed knowledge, perceptions, and practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25.0; chi-square test was applied with significance set at p ≤ 0.05.

RESULTS: Awareness of ChatGPT was high (96%). Active use as a learning tool was reported by 86%, with higher use among clinical students (95%) compared to preclinical students (76%) (p<0.001). While 94% expressed interest in integrating ChatGPT into future education, challenges included lack of formal training (49%), difficulties in usage (97%), and skepticism about its relevance to clinical dentistry (46%). Although 89% recognized its role in providing current literature, 72% reported unreliable or inadequate information regarding clinical dentistry.

CONCLUSION: ChatGPT is widely adopted as a learning adjunct among dental students, particularly in clinical years. Despite its potential to enhance communication and evidence-based learning, concerns regarding accuracy, reliability, and ethical integration remain. Careful incorporation into curricula is necessary to maximize benefits while addressing limitations.

Knowledge and practices of the use of honey for acute respiratory infections

Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Honey has been used for centuries as both a food and a traditional remedy. Known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, honey is frequently used to treat various ailments, including respiratory infections. In Morocco, especially in regions like Guelmim, the use of honey is deeply rooted in cultural practices. Despite this, there remains limited scientific data on public knowledge and practices regarding honey as a treatment for acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Understanding these aspects can help bridge traditional medicine with evidence-based healthcare strategies. This study aimed to clearly assess the population's level of knowledge and practices related to the use of honey as a treatment for ARIs in the Guelmim region of southern Morocco.

METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2022 to July 2024 among 834 participants from Guelmim. The questionnaire, available in French and Arabic, was administered online and in person. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression.

RESULTS:The study found that 82% of respondents use honey for respiratory issues, with 46.2% consuming it occasionally. Preference for Saharan plant honey was noted in 38% of respondents. Honey was commonly used for sore throat (57.7%) and cough (32.7%). A significant association between honey use and knowledge level was found (β = 2.96; ORa = 37.28; p < 0.05), although only 34.2% had high knowledge of its benefits.

CONCLUSION: Age, education, and chronic disease significantly influenced knowledge levels. Most respondents (67.3%) used honey as a complementary treatment for ARIs.

Protective effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) against dry socket following surgical extraction of the mandibular third molar

Nosheen Iqbal , Muhammad Usman Khalid, Omer Sefvan Janjua — Thu, 04 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Dry socket (DS) is one of the most painful complications following tooth extraction. Various preventive measures have been suggested over the years, but results remain inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) against DS after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars.

METHODOLOGY: A total of 170 consecutive patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria (age 18–35 years, good oral hygiene, and requiring surgical extraction of mandibular third molars) were enrolled and randomly assigned into two equal groups (85 each). A standardized surgical protocol was followed in all cases. Group 1 (study group) received PRF placement in the socket, while Group 2 (control group) did not.

RESULTS: The mean age was 24.28 ± 3.7 years in the study group and 24.14 ± 3.64 years in the control group. Overall, 87 participants (51.2%) were male and 83 (48.8%) female. On the 3rd postoperative day, the incidence of DS in the PRF group was 2 cases (2.4%), compared to 16 cases (18.8%) in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0004). No significant association was observed between DS occurrence and factors such as side of extraction, type of impaction, angulation, or bone removal.

CONCLUSION: Placement of PRF in extraction sockets significantly reduces the risk of DS following mandibular third molar surgery. Its routine application is recommended to improve postoperative outcomes and reduce patient morbidity.

Frequency of middle mesial canals in mandibular first and second molar using cone beam computed tomography in Hyderabad

Kheem Chand, Feroze Ali Kalhoro, Madiha, Shuja Aslam, Sarang Suresh, Priya Rani — Thu, 04 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: There is still a lack of comprehensive research on the demographic characteristics that contribute to these differences, particularly age and gender. To determine the frequency and type of Middle Mesial Canal (MMC) in permanent mandibular first and second molars using CBCT.

METHODOLOGY: The inclusion criteria consisted of individuals of any gender, aged 18 to 60 years, who had first or second mandibular permanent molars referred by the Department of Diagnosis due to unsuccessful endodontic therapy. Analyzed in a systematic manner, CBCT images were used to assess the intricacy of the root canal anatomy in the first and second mandibular molars in all three planes. The middle mesial canal (MMC) was identified and documented according to the classification established by Pomeranz.

RESULTS: In relation to the presence of middle mesial canals (MMC) in first molars, a small proportion (1.4%) exhibit MMC that are either connected to the mesiobuccal canal, separate from the mesiobuccal canal, or connected to the mesiolingual canal.

CONCLUSION: The presence of MMC in the first molars was rather rare, as the majority (95.8%) of the sample did not show this anatomical variation. No MMCs were observed in second molars in this study.

Evaluation of success of MTA pulpotomy in mature permanent carious molars with irreversible pulpitis

Farah Mushtaq, Brig. Manzoor Ahmed — Thu, 04 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE:
Pulpotomy is a common treatment for vital teeth, and recent advances in materials and techniques have extended its use to mature permanent molars with irreversible pulpitis. Vital pulp therapy encompasses various modalities, including direct and indirect pulp capping, partial pulpotomy, and full pulpotomy. In irreversible pulpitis, where pulpal inflammation is extensive, full pulpotomy is preferred to preserve the apical pulp stump. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has gained attention for pulpotomy due to its biocompatibility, sealing properties, and regenerative potential. This study aimed to determine the success rate of MTA pulpotomy in permanent molars diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis.

METHODOLOGY:
A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 103 participants aged 15 years or older. Mature permanent teeth with restorable deep carious lesions, closed apices, and cold test–based diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis were included. Exclusion criteria were tenderness on percussion/palpation, sinus tract/fistula, or pathological mobility. Treatment was performed in two visits, involving anesthesia, isolation, caries removal, and MTA placement. Outcomes were analyzed using chi-square tests to compare success rates across gender, age groups, and jaw types.

RESULTS:
The mean age was 24.38±6.44 years, with 42 (40.8%) females and 61 (59.2%) males. Pulpotomy success was achieved in 89.3% of cases. Comparative analysis revealed no significant differences in success by gender (p > 0.99), jaw (p > 0.99), or age group (p = 0.44).

CONCLUSION:
MTA pulpotomy demonstrates a high success rate and may serve as a reliable alternative to conventional root canal treatment for managing irreversible pulpitis in permanent molars.

Impact of Faculty development program (FDP) on faculty’s professional Development

Fri, 05 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Faculty Development Program (FDP) represents a purpose-built educational program that helps medical teachers build their competency and increase their effectiveness in curriculum delivery. Moreover, such programs offer an additional opportunity for professional growth, leadership development, and scholarly pursuits. This study explores faculty members' perceptions about the impact of FDP on their professional development.

METHODOLOGY: This is a qualitative exploratory study conducted through focus group discussions (FGDs) with University College of Medicine (UCM) faculty members who had various academic ranks. The research team employed purposive sampling to select members from UCM who had maintained membership for five years and participated in two or more FDPs annually. Thematic analysis of the transcripts was performed using manual coding and N Vivo 12 software. Triangulation of data was achieved through member checking, combined with analysis by two independent researchers.

RESULTS: Thematic analysis identified three main themes: Positive Impact of Workshops (PIW) as the primary finding, with "Opportunities for Continuing Medical Education (CME) at the Workplace," "Improved Teaching Methodologies," "Better Assessment Construction," and "Enhanced Workplace Well-being" as its subcategories. Career Development Opportunities (CDO) contained five subcategories under its theme: “Motivation”, Transforming Shared Passion”, “Capacity Building “and Opportunities for Enhanced Collaboration and Mentorship and Guidance. The study participants specified Key important improvement areas (KIA), which included integrating new technologies as well as developing asynchronous content for basic-level workshops.

CONCLUSION : FDP is essential for optimal delivery of curriculum and should addresses newer trend and challenges of teaching and assessment to supports teachers ‘Professional growth.

Effects of manual therapy and inclined board standing on low back pain: a pilot study

Muhammad Hafeez, Muhammad Zia Ul Haq , Shabana Rahim — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Low back pain (LBP), especially mechanical in nature, affects approximately 577 million people globally. Its incidence is expected to rise due to an ageing population. This study aims to assess the impact of Manual Therapy and Inclined Board Standing on LBP management.

METHODOLOGY: This pilot study involved 10 patients (6 females, 4 males) aged 18-65 with LBP. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received manual therapy with passive hip lateral rotator stretching and inclined board standing. In contrast, Group B received routine medication and inclined board standing. Data were collected at baseline, one week, and two weeks post-intervention. Pain, disability, and quality of life were measured using the NPRS, ODI, and SF-12. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.

RESULTS: The results revealed significant improvements post-treatment. Pain showed a mean difference of 1.70 (SD = 0.67), t(9) = 7.97, p < .001. Disability (ODI) had a mean difference of 0.90 (SD = 0.74), t(9) = 3.86, p = .004. Quality of life improved with a mean difference of 0.60 (SD = 0.52), t(9) = 3.67, p = .005. Repeated measures ANOVA confirmed these findings: pain (F(1, 9) = 63.439, p < .001), disability (F(1, 9) = 14.878, p = .004), and QOL (F(1, 9) = 13.500, p = .005).

CONCLUSION: Manual therapy, passive stretching, and inclined board standing are more effective than inclined board standing alone in managing low back pain and improving lumbar spine function.